Atv Dvwk A 131 E.pdfl
ATV-DVWK-A 131E: A German Standard for Activated Sludge Plants
Activated sludge is a process in which microorganisms are used to degrade organic matter and nutrients in wastewater. The microorganisms form a biological floc that can be separated from the treated water by sedimentation. Activated sludge plants are widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, as they can achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.
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However, the design and operation of activated sludge plants require careful consideration of various factors, such as influent characteristics, loading rates, sludge age, aeration, mixing, settling and sludge management. To ensure a reliable and efficient performance of activated sludge plants, it is important to follow appropriate guidelines and standards for their dimensioning.
One of the most widely used standards for the dimensioning of single-stage activated sludge plants is the ATV-DVWK-A 131E, which was published in 2000 by the German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (ATV-DVWK). This standard is based on extensive research and practical experience, and provides detailed recommendations for the design of activated sludge plants with capacities ranging from less than 100 to more than 10,000 population equivalents (PE).
Main Features of ATV-DVWK-A 131E
The ATV-DVWK-A 131E standard covers the following aspects of the dimensioning of single-stage activated sludge plants:
The selection of the treatment objectives and the corresponding effluent quality criteria, based on the requirements of the European Union Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive and the German Wastewater Ordinance. The standard specifies the minimum removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for different types of wastewater and discharge scenarios.
The calculation of the influent load and flow, based on the population equivalent, the specific water consumption, the diurnal variation and the seasonal variation. The standard also provides guidance on how to account for industrial wastewater contributions, stormwater inflows and infiltration.
The determination of the design parameters for the biological reactor, such as the volume, the hydraulic retention time, the sludge age, the oxygen supply, the mixing intensity and the temperature. The standard uses a modified version of the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) to describe the biological processes and kinetics in the reactor. The standard also provides empirical formulas and tables for estimating some of the model parameters, such as the maximum specific growth rate, the yield coefficient and the decay coefficient.
The determination of the design parameters for the secondary clarifier, such as the surface area, the depth, the overflow rate, the solids loading rate, the return sludge flow rate and the sludge removal system. The standard uses a one-dimensional settling model to describe the settling behavior of the activated sludge floc in the clarifier. The standard also provides empirical formulas and tables for estimating some of the model parameters, such as the hindered settling velocity, the flocculent settling velocity and the compression settling velocity.
The determination of the design parameters for the sludge treatment and disposal, such as the sludge production rate, the sludge concentration, the sludge thickening method, the sludge stabilization method and the sludge disposal method. The standard provides guidance on how to select the most suitable sludge treatment and disposal options, based on environmental, economic and legal aspects.
Advantages and Limitations of ATV-DVWK-A 131E
The ATV-DVWK-A 131E standard has several advantages over other standards or guidelines for the dimensioning of single-stage activated sludge plants, such as:
It is based on sound scientific principles and validated by extensive experimental data and practical experience.
It covers a wide range of plant capacities and influent characteristics, and allows for different treatment objectives and effluent quality criteria.
It provides clear and detailed recommendations for all aspects of plant design and operation, and includes examples and diagrams for illustration.
It is compatible with the European Union and German legislation on wastewater treatment and sludge management.
However, the ATV-DVWK-A 131E standard also has some limitations or challenges, such as:
It requires a high level of technical knowledge and expertise to apply the standard correctly and to interpret the results.
It involves complex calculations and models, which may require the use of software tools or spreadsheets.
It may not account for some specific conditions or situations, such as extreme weather events, unusual influent compositions, or novel treatment technologies.
It may need to be updated or revised to reflect the latest developments and innovations in the field of wastewater treatment and sludge management.
Conclusion
The ATV-DVWK-A 131E standard is a comprehensive and reliable guideline for the dimensioning of single-stage activated sludge plants, which are widely used for biological wastewater treatment. The standard provides detailed recommendations for the design and operation of activated sludge plants, based on scientific principles and practical experience. The standard covers a wide range of plant capacities and influent characteristics, and allows for different treatment objectives and effluent quality criteria. The standard is compatible with the European Union and German legislation on wastewater treatment and sludge management. However, the standard also requires a high level of technical knowledge and expertise to apply it correctly and to interpret the results. The standard involves complex calculations and models, which may require the use of software tools or spreadsheets. The standard may not account for some specific conditions or situations, such as extreme weather events, unusual influent compositions, or novel treatment technologies. The standard may need to be updated or revised to reflect the latest developments and innovations in the field of wastewater treatment and sludge management.
References
ATV-DVWK (2000). Dimensioning of Single-Stage Activated Sludge Plants. Standard ATV-DVWK-A 131E. Hennef: GFA Publishing Company of ATV-DVWK Water, Wastewater and Waste.
European Union (1991). Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment. Official Journal of the European Communities L 135/40.
German Federal Government (1997). Verordnung über Anforderungen an das Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewässer (Abwasserverordnung - AbwV) vom 17. Juni 1997. Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 1997 Teil I Nr. 41.
Henze, M., Gujer, W., Mino, T., Matsuo, T., Wentzel, M.C., Marais, G.v.R. (1987). Activated Sludge Model No. 1. IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Reports No. 1. London: IAWPRC.